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Automatic wood chip boilers

Automatic sawdust boilers

This unit generates heat using ordinary wood chips as fuel. The user gets an autonomous heat source that can be used even where other heat carriers are not available. FACI FSS boilers are widely bought to heat industrial and office premises. They are also a natural choice for heat supply companies serving municipal and residential buildings. Sawdust should make up no more than 30% of the total fuel mass. Full automation of the equipment ensures high efficiency. The unit is multifunctional. Fitted with a water tank, an automatically fed wood chip boiler can also serve as a water heater, and its energy efficiency makes operation cost-effective.

How the boiler house is arranged

Energy is produced by ordinary combustion, just like in a boiler house heating a heating circuit, so the design of the automatic boiler is in many ways similar to a boiler house. The unit includes the following assemblies and components:

Combustion chamber with ash collection elements and a flue.
Water jacket for home heating — a drum or coil filled with water or another heat carrier.
Water tank when the unit is used as a source of hot water.
Ash pan.
Wood chip feeder. Operates automatically.
Monitoring sensors.
Fuel hopper.
Flue outlet.

Note that the heating main of the building must be connected to the water jacket. All equipment is fully automated, including maintenance operations: for example, soot removal and flue cleaning are self-cleaning. This is achieved with smart engineering and modern technology. The broken-line flue has spring-loaded faces that are tensioned and released by a special mechanism, so ash does not build up on the walls and falls down to the self-cleaning auger located under the burner. The ash enters the auger and is discharged into a separate compartment. As a result, the unit needs inspection and servicing only once every 2 months.

Operating modes

The controller, servo drives and sensors make it possible to create different operating modes according to adjustable parameters, which is very convenient. There are 3 options: optimal output, maximum output and pause. Maximum output mode heats up quickly to the maximum heat output. Then its intensity decreases and the unit maintains a constant combustion temperature. Medium load is an economical option that heats the room for a long time from a single auger load. In this mode the unit maintains a constant temperature; if it rises after medium-output mode is switched on, the fuel feed stops. This keeps the ambient temperature optimal with low energy consumption. Pause mode means minimal burning of sawdust to keep the chamber warm, so that cold air coming through the chimney does not cool the furnace. Thanks to this, heating up at full output is more economical.

Protection systems and operating modes

All operations are fully automated. The water jacket adjacent to the chamber is heated by combustion. Wood chips are fed from the hopper to the boiler by auger conveyors driven by modern electric motors working together with the controller. When combustion intensity drops, the controller commands the drives, which turn the bladed augers, keeping combustion in the chamber continuous and intense. Once sawdust is delivered to the boiler, a piezoelectric igniter lights it. High efficiency is achieved by intensive combustion of the sawdust, made possible by full parameter control and automation. To use the boiler for hot water, a water tank must be ordered separately. It is installed next to the chamber, so the long-burning sawdust boiler acts as the heating element. This means there is no need to spend fuel constantly maintaining the water temperature. Multi-level, multifunctional protection guards against risks such as:

Boiling water. Temperature is monitored by 3 sensors: at the inlet, above the boiler and at the outlet.
Smoke entering the room. A draught sensor in the furnace monitors smoke levels.
Interrupted wood chip feed to the boiler. The hopper is also equipped with a special auger that prevents the chips from caking.

This protection allows wood chip and sawdust heating equipment to be left running for long periods. The equipment has twin-auger fuel feed and two independently controlled gearboxes. This allows each auger to be controlled separately while keeping operation as safe as possible and protected against fuel ignition inside the hopper. The hopper agitator has been substantially upgraded to prevent any blockages, so fuel is fed as evenly as possible. The developer has also improved the control panel and controller.